大家對於這次判無罪有什麼見解? - 法律
By Candice
at 2020-08-24T21:35
at 2020-08-24T21:35
Table of Contents
推 brian900530: 請參照99年台上6035判決之意旨,「原因自由行為之行08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 為人,於精神、心智狀態正常之原因行為階段,即須對08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 犯罪事實具有故意或應注意並能注意或可得預見,始符08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 合犯罪行為人須於行為時具有責任能力方加以處罰之原08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 則。」若不符合僅可認為「自醉行為」而非「原因自由08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 行為」,在我國刑法中自醉行為並不如德國刑法第323條08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 之1有明確規定,又因為最高法院將刑法第19條第3項構08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 成要件限縮於前述判決意旨,又本件裁判書中有提到被08/23 23:47
→ brian900530: 告不具有殺人動機,因此以19條1項判決無罪08/23 23:47
感謝brian900530的指教。
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刑法第19條第3項只有規定:「前二項規定,於因故意或過失自行招致者,不適用之。」
這項法律是民國94年修訂的,
而它的立法理由是什麼?
可看法務部網站說明:
https://mojlaw.moj.gov.tw/LawContentReason.aspx?LSID=FL001424&LawNo=19
----------------立法理由第二項內文----------------
二、責任能力之有無及其高低,為犯罪有責性判斷之一要件。
關於責任能力之判斷,依通說之規範責任論,
應就行為人所實施具備構成要件該當且屬違法之行為,
判斷行為人辨識其行為違法之能力,
以及依其辨識而行為之能力,
倘行為人之欠缺或顯著減低前述能力,
係由於行為人因故意或過失自行招致者,
即難謂其屬無責任能力或限制責任能力;
爰參酌國外之立法例,於第三項予以明定。
----------------------------------------------
也就是說,導致梁崇銘喪失辨識能力的原因,
如果是因為他故意或過失自行招致的話,
就不能說他沒有責任能力或限制責任能力,
應該負全責,符合19條第3項,
不適用19條第1、2項免罰或減刑。
導致梁崇銘喪失辨識能力的原因-吸毒,是他故意自行招致,
並不是別人強迫他吸毒,是他自行決定要吸毒,
所以是故意自行招致,完全符合19條第3項。
-----------------------------------------------
根據brian900530的推文表示,
最高法院將19條第3項的構成要件限縮於"99年台上6035判決之意旨",
也就是規定必須"吸毒前就有犯罪意圖"或"預期吸毒後可能犯罪"等才符合19條第3項。
但問題是,最高法院是司法機關,他又不是立法機關,
憑什麼擅自規定"吸毒前就有犯罪意圖"或"預期吸毒後可能犯罪"才符合19條第3項?
他這樣規定具有法律效力或強制力嗎??
如果法官不按照他的規定判會怎樣??
而且甚至我查「全國法規資料庫」,刑法19條的相關判例,
裡面也沒列出"99年台上6035判決之意旨",
他只有列出其他9條,
https://i.imgur.com/s3OnGC8.png
如果99年台上6035判決之意旨這麼重要,
為何沒列在上面?
另外我也好奇,這些判例的要旨,
是否具強制力?民眾必須準守,未來的法官,也一定要根據這些要旨來判?
不能違反這些要旨嗎?
如果是這樣,那制定這些要旨的人,
在某些情況下,不就等於變相的在制定法律嗎?不就變成司法兼立法?
如果要旨跟立法的初衷相違背呢?
----------------------------------------------------------
如果最高法院認為,
應該規定"吸毒前就有犯罪意圖"或"預期吸毒後可能犯罪"才符合19條第3項,
是不是應該先將條文向立法院建議,
經過立法院的立法程序,三讀通過後,才能實施,
而不是透過要旨來做額外附加規定?
按照最高法院的見解,刑法19條第3項,應該改成:
「前二項規定,於因故意或過失自行招致,
並且在犯案前已經有犯罪意圖或預期可能犯罪者,不適用之。」
--------------------------------------------------
然而,現行的法律條文只有規定:
「前二項規定,於因故意或過失自行招致者,不適用之。」
並沒有規定必須犯案前必須先有犯罪意圖或預期可能犯罪才符合19條第3項,
所以梁崇銘完全符合19條第3項以及當初的立法初衷,不適用19條第1、2項,
應該判決有罪。
--
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